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VAT on Business Utilities: When You Pay 5% Instead of 20%

Low-usage businesses, charities and mixed-use premises can qualify for reduced-rate VAT on energy — and reclaim backdated overpayments.

10 July 2026 6 min read

The de minimis thresholds

Where electricity use is below 33 kWh per day or gas below 145 kWh per day, the reduced 5% VAT rate applies automatically and CCL should not be charged. Many small premises qualify without realising.

Qualifying use declarations

Charities, care homes and residential-use premises can claim the reduced rate through a VAT declaration certificate submitted to the supplier. Mixed-use premises can claim on the qualifying proportion.

Reclaiming overpaid VAT

Suppliers will generally backdate a correction by up to four years where the declaration is valid. For a small qualifying premises, that can be a four-figure refund from a single form.

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